Clausius- Clapeyron’s equation can also be used to estimate approximately the vapor pressure of a liquid at any arbitrary temperature in conjunction with a relation for latent heat of a substance, known as Trouton’s rule.
Trouton’s Rule
(2.14) |
where latent heat of vaporization, kJ/kgmol
and TB → boiling point at 1.013 bar (N.B.P.)
From Eq. (2.10) and (2.14),
(2.15) |
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(2.16) |
where p is the vapor pressure in kPa for any temperature T.
Sublimation
It is the solid to vapor phase transformation.
(2.17) |
where lsub → latent heat of sublimation.
and vapor pressure is low,
(2.18) |
(2.19) |
(2.20) |
At the triple point:
lsub = lvap + lfus |
(2.21) |
Now,
(2.22) |
and
(2.23) |
Since, lsub > lvap at the triple point
(2.24) |