Exceptions:

Table : 1.2 Symbols for Exceptional Properties

Parameter	Property	Traditional symbol
Temperature	Intensive property	T
Mass	Extensive property	m
Number of moles	Extensive property	n

Specific extensive properties, i.e., extensive properties per unit mass are intensive properties. For example: specific volume, specific energy, density, etc.
It may be worth mentioning here that cyclic integral of the differential of any thermodynamic property must be zero. For example,

However, change in volume between state points 1 and 2 is

Path and process

An operation in which one or more of the properties of a system changes is called a change of state. The sucession of states passed through during a change of state is called the path of the change of state.

The path of thermodynamic states that a system passes through as it goes from an initial state to a final state is known as the thermodynamic process.

Different thermodynamic processes are given in Table 1.3

Table : 1.3 Different Thermodynamic Processes

Sl No	Name of the process	Parameter Held Constant	Remarks
1	Constant pressure(Isobaric)	p = constant	v = (mR/P)T
2	Constant volume(isochoric) process	V = constant	p = (mR/V)T
3	Constant temperature (isothermal) process	T = constant	pV = constant
4	Polytropic process	n	pVn = constant
5	Adiabatic process	no heat flow across the systemboundary	pvγ = constant
6	Isoenthapic process	h = constant	h = constant