No single method of detecting or countering deviance would apply to each of the above cases though the idea of professional ethics has been used to counter each of the above. As the form of violations of professional ethics shows there are multiple causes of violation of them. Some major ones are:

(a) imperfect knowledge or socialization;

(b) a general moral norm that says that one should look after one’s own interest or the interest of the company only (individualization);

(c) poverty, unemployment and a fear of losing membership of the profession for acting conscientiously;

(d) lack of understanding of or insensitivity to consequences of their actions on society; (e) lack of integration and coherence among the members of the profession; and (f) ineffectiveness or indifference of state. Which causes are more predominant, however, depends on the socio-cultural and economic milieus.