C) Voluntary development organizations (VDOs) working with or without financial support from private donors, government, other countries, national and international NGOs. :- VDOs are a powerful collective actor, working with laudable goals. Several critical theorists had lot of hopes from VDOs. They are seen as the Third Sector of development, state and market being the First and Second Sectors. Today there is no dearth of VDOs in any field be it the field of development, the field of empowerment or the field of relief. They are registered under different Acts but most of them claim to be non-profit organizations. If you count all, there are millions of them, all having their own strengths, resources and achievements. On paper if you add up achievements of all, India would have been a great society. But where are we? NGOs have been floated by the powerful elite. They have become a source of power and wealth for the elite. They survive on money from government and corporate sector. Experience shows that NGOs have become an alternative source of success for some elite and source of employment for many poor, unemployed youths. There is a real shortage of genuine NGOs working among people with their own or local resources. There is no voluntarism. Voluntary NGOs show a rather feudal tendency. They are as corrupt as the government organizations. They are also as clueless to the need for social change as the government organizations.