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Mughal Capital Cities
The first Mughal capital city was established in Delhi in 1526. It was shifted to Agra and then Akbar built an entirely new city at Fatehpur Sikri. Later, under Shahjahan the capital returned to Delhi when Shahjahanabad was built. It was a planned city with a wide central avenue leading to the Red Fort. Certain basic elements that were common to these cities were the location of the king or lord either on a high ground on one side of the city or on the river bank. The second major element was the mosque-- Jama Masjid—the cultural focal point for the Muslim residents of the city. Every city of this period had a central market place situated at the main chowk or crossroad of the city. Another element, though not universal, was the outer wall constructed for the purpose of defense. The cities, with the exception of Shahjahanabad were unplanned with overlapping residential, commercial and industrial land uses.
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