As a result of massive unemployment there is poverty and increase in social evils like robbery, crime etc. The social consequences of the educated unemployed are quite serious. We will find that people with superior qualifications are doing jobs which could be done by less qualified people. This results in under-utilisation of one's capacity. We can find graduate engineers doing jobs which could be performed by diploma holders. Similarly there may be clerks and typists with postgraduate qualifications where perhaps matriculates could do the work. This is because people with lesser qualifications (matriculates) are unable to find jobs so they go for higher education with the hope that they will be in a better position to qualify for the same jobs.
Many thieves, pickpockets, smugglers, drug traffickers etc. take up these activities because they are unable to find gainful employment. The frustrations of unemployed youth can also lead to terrorism. The highly educated unemployed have anger against society for their state of affairs. They feel that if this system cannot meet their aspirations for getting proper jobs it should be destroyed. This leads them to take to organised violence against the state. Terrorism in Assam and in many other parts of the country is largely a result of the large number of educated unemployed youth in these states, among other factors.
Rural and Urban Unemployment in India
The unemployment rate at all India level stood at 3.8 per cent while in rural and urban areas it was 3.4 per cent and 5 per cent respectively. Unemployment rate is more in urban areas than in rural areas as in urban areas educated unemployed are more in numbers and also in urban areas it requires some vocational training or technical skill to do a job as compared to rural areas. Urban unemployment is that unemployment which exit in urban areas. It is not only painful at personal level but also at social level.
Despite this problem the government has not given attention to it. Urban unemployment can be classified into two forms.
- Industrial unemployment: The exact size of the industrial unemployment is not known because the necessary data for its estimation are not available.
- Educated unemployment: It constitutes large part of urban unemployment in India. Rural unemployment is the main problem of Indian government and it requires huge capitalization of capital. Disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment etc are some of the example of rural unemployment.
The educated are not the only ones who face the problem of unemployment in the urban areas. There are large numbers of people in the rural areas who do not have a high level of education and who are unemployed.
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