SJSRY: The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) which came into operation from 1.12.1997, sub-summing the earlier urban poverty alleviation programmes viz., Nehru Rozgar Yojana (NRY), Urban Basic Services Programme (UBSP) and Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme (PMIUPEP). The scheme aims to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed or underemployed poor by encouraging the setting up of self-employment ventures or provision of wage employment. It is being funded on a 75:25 basis between Centre and the states. It comprises two special schemes i.e. The Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP) and the Urban Wage Employment Programme (UWEP). The scheme gives a special impetus to empowering and uplifting the poor women and launches a special programme, namely, Development of Women and Children in urban areas under which groups of urban poor women setting up self-employment ventures are eligible for subsidy up to 50% of the project cost.
MGNREGA: The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) of 2005 is perhaps the most significant social policy initiative in India in the last decade. The NREGA states that,[its main objective is] to provide enhancement of livelihood security of the households in rural areas of the country by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment to every household in unskilled manual work. During 2006–07, NREGP involved an expenditure of Rs 88 billion and generated a little less than one billion person days of employment. A controversial aspect of NREGP is the provision of employment on demand at the minimum wage rate. As argued elsewhere, given that the slack season agricultural wage rates are typically way below the minimum wage rates, there is a strong incentive for the (relatively) affluent to masquerade as poor. As a result, the self-selection mechanism of workfare is weakened and the poor are crowded out.
References
http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/annualplan/ap2021pdf/ap2021ch4-1.pdf