Therefore, in Cultural Studies, culture encompasses the following:

As Bennett and Frow have shown: “On the one hand there has been a clear shift in the social sciences over the last 20 or so years from a primary focus on social, political and economic structures, understood as distinct from and in some sense prior to their ‘cultural' embedding , to an understanding that the particularities of this embedding – the ways of life, the patterns of everyday interaction, the systems of meaning-making – are in crucial ways formative of social institutions…. … this shift in the social sciences has entailed a breaking-down of the dichotomy between institutional and symbolic structures and practices, a recognition that economic processes or technological systems or political frameworks or kinship structures are always made up, among other things, of discourses, of beliefs, of negotiations amongst social actors, of the indeterminacies of action occurring in time .”