Load Flow Algorithm

The Newton-Raphson procedure is as follows:

Step-1: Choose the initial values of the voltage magnitudes |V| ⁽⁰⁾ of all n_p load buses and n − 1 angles δ ⁽⁰⁾ of the voltages of all the buses except the slack bus.

Step-2: Use the estimated |V|⁽⁰⁾ and δ ⁽⁰⁾ to calculate a total n − 1 number of injected real power P_calc⁽⁰⁾ and equal number of real power mismatch ΔP ⁽⁰⁾ .

Step-3: Use the estimated |V| ⁽⁰⁾ and δ ⁽⁰⁾ to calculate a total n_p number of injected reactive power Q_calc⁽⁰⁾ and equal number of reactive power mismatch ΔQ ⁽⁰⁾ .

Step-3: Use the estimated |V| ⁽⁰⁾ and δ ⁽⁰⁾ to formulate the Jacobian matrix J ⁽⁰⁾ .

Step-4: Solve (4.30) for δ ⁽⁰⁾ and Δ |V| ⁽⁰⁾ ÷ |V| ⁽⁰⁾.

Step-5 : Obtain the updates from

	(4.36)
	(4.37)

Step-6: Check if all the mismatches are below a small number. Terminate the process if yes. Otherwise go back to step-1 to start the next iteration with the updates given by (4.36) and (4.37).