where V is the mean velocity of flow and k is the loss coefficient. The value of k depends on the total angle of bend, radius of curvature of the pipe axis and pipe diameter.

Loss of Energy in Various Pipe Fittings

All pipe fittings such as valves, couplings etc. cause loss of energy and is also represented by Eq. (9). However, the value of k depends on the type of pipe-fittings.