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These were some of the obligatory points through which the alignment
should pass.
Coming to the second category, that is the points through which the alignment
should not pass are:
- religious places: These have been protected by the law from being
acquired for any purpose. Therefore, these points should be avoided while
aligning.
- very costly structures: Acquiring such structures means heavy
compensation which would result in an increase in initial cost. So the
alignment may be deviated not to pass through that point.
- lakes/ponds etc: The presence of a lake or pond on the alignment path
would also necessitate deviation of the alignment.
Traffic: The alignment should suit the traffic requirements.
Based on the origin-destination data of the area, the desire lines should be
drawn.
The new alignment should be drawn keeping in view the desire lines, traffic
flow pattern etc.
Geometric design: Geometric design factors such as gradient, radius of
curve, sight distance etc. also govern the alignment of the highway.
To keep the radius of curve minimum, it may be required to change the alignment.
The alignments should be finalized such that the obstructions to visibility do
not restrict the minimum requirements of sight distance.
The design standards vary with the class of road and the terrain and
accordingly the highway should be aligned.
Economy:The alignment finalised should be economical.
All the three costs i.e. construction, maintenance, and operating cost should
be minimum.
The construction cost can be decreased much if it is possible to maintain a
balance between cutting and filling.
Also try to avoid very high embankments and very deep cuttings as the
construction cost will be very higher in these cases.
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