for U< 53%

for U> 53%

where is the change in void ration, is the increase in pressure, V is the volume of soil, is the initial void ratio, k is the permeability coefficient, unit weight of water, t is the time required to for settlement of soil layer of thickness H, and U is the percentage of consolidation occurred.

Consolidation settlement,

when

where is the compression index, is the recompression index, is the initial overburden pressure, is the increase in over burden pressure, pc is the pre-consolidation pressure and H is the thickness of the layer.