Settlement deals with the sinking of structure due to compression of soil.
As per IS code, the following types of settlements are reported:
1.
Total settlement:- it is combination of initial and consolidation settlement
Elastic settlement/ initial settlement:- initial/elastic settlement is the settlement caused due to elastic properties of the soil due to applied load.
Consolidation settlement -
Primary consolidation: - is the consolidation occurs due to the expulsion of air from the voids.
Secondary/creep:- is the consolidation due to expulsion of water from the voids.
2.
Differential settlement/ angular distortion:- it is the difference in settlement between two points below the footing.
3.
Time dependent settlement
For sands, settlement is called immediate settlement as it is the major settlement, there being no or very less consolidation settlement. For clays, we talk about initial or elastic settlements and not immediate settlements.
