Module 5 : Modern Characterization of materials

Lecture 40: Fuel Cells – Basic types and design

All fuel cells have the same basic operating principle.

  • An input fuel is catalytically reacted (electrons removed from the fuel elements) in the fuel cell to create an electric current.
  • Fuel cells consist of an electrolyte material which is sandwiched in between two thin electrodes (porous anode and cathode).
  • The input fuel passes over the anode (and oxygen over the cathode) where it catalytically splits into ions and electrons.
  • The electrons go through an external circuit to serve an electric load while the ions move through the electrolyte toward the oppositely charged electrode.
  • At the electrode, ions combine to create by-products, primarily water and CO2. Depending on the input fuel and electrolyte, different chemical reactions will occur.