4.15.2.1. TRANSCRIPTION

4.15.2.2. TRANSLATION

The message on DNA that has been translated to mRNA:

1. Degenerate: more than one three base codon can code for the same amino acid
2. Specific: each codon specifies a particular amino acid
3. Non-overlapping and comma less:
   • None of the bases are shared between consecutive codons
   • No noncoding bases appear in the base sequence
4. Universal: all organisms use the same code
5. All 64 codons have meaning
   • 61 code for amino acids
   • Three code for the “stop” signal
6. Multiple codes for an amino acid tend to have two bases in common
   • CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG code for leucine
   • Makes the code mutation resistant
7. Codons are written in a  5'     3' sequence

4.15.2.2.1. The Genetic Code