| Figure No. | Figure Caption |
|
| Fig.1.1 | : | Relative molecular distance of different phases of a substance at a fixed temperature (a) gas/vapour, (b) liquid, and (c) solid |
| Fig.1.2 | : | Different stages during conduction in a metallic rod |
| Fig.1.3 | : | Heat transfer through convection (a) natural, and (b) forced |
| Fig.1.4 | : | Heat transfer through radiation |
| Fig.2.1 | : | Steady-state conduction through a slab (constant area) |
| Fig.2.2 | : | Heat conduction through three different layers |
| Fig.2.3 | : | Equivalent electrical circuit of the fig.2.2 |
| Fig.2.4 | : | Illustration 2.1 |
| Fig.2.5 | : | Illustration 2.2 |
| Fig.2.6 | : | (a) Composite wall, and (b) equivalent electrical circuit |
| Fig.2.7 | : | Composite of illustration 2.3; (a) composite, (b) corresponding electrical circuit |
| Fig.2.8 | : | Contacting surfaces of two solids are not in perfect contact, (b) temperature drop due to imperfect contact |
| Fig.2.9 | : | (a) Hollow cylinder, (b) equivalent electrical circuit |
| Fig.2.10 | : | Four layer composite hollow cylinder, (a) equivalent electrical circuit |
| Fig.2.11 | : | Volume element for deriving general equation of heat conduction in cartesian coordinate |
| Fig.2.12 | : | Cylindrical coordinate system (a) and an element of the cylinder |
| Fig.2.13 | : | Spherical coordinate system (a) and an element of the sphere |
| Fig.3.1 | : | Convective heat transfer from a heated wall to a fluid |
| Fig.3.2 | : | Real temperature profile |
| Fig.3.3 | : | Simplified temperature profile for fig.3.2 |
| Fig.3.4 | : | Equivalent electrical circuit for fig. 3.3 |
| Fig.3.5 | : | Schematic of a co-current double pipe heat exchanger |
| Fig.3.6 | : | Cross-section of the double pipe heat exchanger shown in fig. 3.5 |
| Fig.3.7 | : | Cooling fins of (a) electric motor, (b) computer processor |
| Fig.3.8 | : | Different types of finned surface (a) straight rectangular fin, (b) straight triangular fin, (c) straight rectangular fin on circular tube, (d) ring type fin on pipe, (e) external longitudinal fin of rectangular profile, and (f ) internal and external longitudinal fin of rectangular profile |
| Fig.3.9 | : | 1-D heat conduction and convection through a rectangular fin |
| Fig.3.10 | : | Heat dissipation from an insulated pipe |
| Fig.3.11 | : | Resistance offered by the insulation and ambient gas film |
| Fig.3.12 | : | The critical insulation thickness of the pipe insulator |
| Fig.3.13 | : | Optimum insulation thickness |
| Fig.4.1 | : | Boundary layer flow past a flat plate |
| Fig.4.2 | : | Boundary layer flow past a flat surface (a) turbulent, and (b) laminar |
| Fig.4.3 | : | Thermal boundary layer flow past a flat surface |
| Fig.4.4 | : | The relation of two boundary layers at different Pr numbers |
| Fig.4.5 | : | Tube banks: (a) aligned; (b) staggered |
| Fig.5.1 | : | Free convection boundary layer for vertical (a) hot surface and (b) cold surface |
| Fig.5.2 | : | Boundary layer on a hot vertical flat plate (Ts: surface temperature; Tb: bulk fluid temperature) |
| Fig.5.3 | : | A representative flow pattern (natural convection) for (a) hot surface down, (b) hot surface up, (c) cold surface down, and (d) cold surface up |
| Fig.6.1 | : | Force balance on a submerge spherical bubble in a liquid |
| Fig.6.2 | : | Saturated water boiling curve |
| Fig.6.3 | : | Formation of tiny bubbles, and (b) Grown up bubbles |
| Fig.6.4 | : | Condensation of film in laminar flow |
| Fig.6.5 | : | Film condensation inside a horizontal tube |
| Fig.7.1 | : | (a) Specular, and (b) diffusive radiation |
| Fig.7.2 | : | Reflection, absorption and transmitted energy |
| Fig.7.3 | : | Example of a near perfect blackbody |
| Fig.7.4 | : | Representative plot for Planck’s distribution |
| Fig.7.5 | : | Exchange of energy between area A1 and A2 (A is area of blackbody) |
| Fig.7.6 | : | (a) Surface energy balance for opaque surface (b) equivalent electrical circuit |
| Fig.7.7 | : | (a) Energy exchange between two surfaces, (b) equivalent circuit diagram |
| Fig.7.8 | : | Radiative nature for two surfaces which can see each other nothing else |
| Fig.7.9 | : | Radiation between two large infinite plates (a) without and (b) with radiation shield |
| Fig.7.10 | : | Equivalent electrical circuit for radiation through gas |
| Fig.7.11 | : | Radiation combined with conduction and convection |
| Fig.8.1 | : | Orientation of fluid stream in heat exchanger (a) cross flow (b) counter current flow (c) parallel flow |
| Fig.8.2 | : | A schematic of (a) one-shell pass, one tube pass heat exchanger; (b) parallel flow; and (c) counter flow |
| Fig.8.3 | : | Tube bundle fitted in two sheets |
| Fig.8.4 | : | Tube bundle inside a shell |
| Fig.8.5 | : | 1-2 exchanger showing pass partition plate |
| Fig.8.6 | : | 2-4 exchanger showing shell and tube passes |
| Fig.8.7 | : | Baffles; (a) horizontal cut baffles; (b)Vertical cut baffles; (c, d, and e) the shaded region show the baffle area |
| Fig.8.8 | : | (a) Schematic of a double pipe heat exchanger (b) thermal resistance network for overall heat transfer |
| Fig.8.9 | : | Temperature-length curve corresponding to (a) 1-2 exchanger ; (b) 2-4 exchanger |
| Fig.8.10 | : | 1-2 flow pattern and temperature profile in exchanger showing cross flow |
| Fig.8.11 | : | Temperature profiles of (a) parallel flow, and (b) counter flow, for different  inequalities |
| Fig.8.12 | : | FT plot for 1-2 exchanger; t: cold fluid in the tube; T: hot fluid in the shell; 1: inlet; 2: outlet |
| Fig.8.13 | : | FT plot for 2-4 exchanger; t: cold fluid in the tube; T: hot fluid in the shell; 1: inlet; 2: outlet |
| Fig.8.14 | : | Tube arrangement in the shell (a) triangular pitch (b) square pitch |
| Fig.8.15 | : | Condenser with the temperature nomenclature |
| Fig.9.1 | : | Single effect evaporator |
| Fig.9.2 | : | Double effect evaporator with forward feed scheme |
| Fig.9.3 | : | Representative Dühring lines for a system (non-volatile solute in water) mole fraction of solute in the solution (a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.25 (d) 0.39 (e) 0.35 (f) 0.45 (g) 0.5 (h) 0.6 (i) 0.7 |
| Fig.9.4 | : | Temperature profiles in an evaporator |
| Fig.9.5 | : | Forward feed arrangement in triple-effect evaporator (dotted line: recycle stream) |
| Fig.9.6 | : | Backward feed arrangement in triple-effect evaporator (dotted line: recycle stream) |
| Fig.9.7 | : | Mixed feed arrangement in triple-effect evaporator (dotted line: recycle stream) |
| Fig.9.8 | : | Parallel feed arrangement in triple-effect evaporator |