Introduction- The genetic information is stored in DNA present in the nucleus and transfer from one generation to other generation. DNA transfers the information to the messenger RNA (mRNA) by the process of transcription. The correct transfer of information is ensured by the complementary base pairing between nucleotide present on DNA and mRNA. The mRNA transfer this information in the form of protein by the process of translation. DNA is madeup of 4 different types of nucleotides (A, T, G, C) and triplet of nucletide (codes) is responsible for coding for amino acid present in the protein. It is made up of different types of amino acids and composition of protein is determined by the DNA sequence (Figure 38.1). Hence, the sequence of nucleotide bases as well as amino acid sequence of a protein has wealth of information used to understand structure and function of the macromolecule. In the current lecture we will discuss the analysis of protein and DNA sequence and conclusion drawn from the sequence information.

Figure 38.1: The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein.