Dinoflagellates
Found in warm, Tropical Ocean. They are mainly unicellular. Green and colorless forms, phagotrophic and parasitic. They are biflagellate. Theirnucleus is unusual. Some are bioluminescent forms- light up when water is disturbed and they always reproduced by asexually.
Brown algae :
They are known as cold water algae and found in rocky coast in temperate zone or open sea. Most brown algae contain the pigment fucoxanthin, which is responsible for the distinctive greenish-brown color. They are multicellular and reproduced by flagellated spores.
Diatoms:
They are most common types of phytoplankton and also known as golden-brown algae. They are mostly unicellular and can exist as colonies in the shape of filaments or ribbons. Their cell wall made of silica called a frustule. They are commonly used in studies of water quality. Some diatoms are capable of movement via flagellation. They reproduced by asexual for several generations, then sexual.
They are eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds and mushrooms. They are non-photosynthetic and contain no chlorophyll pigments. Most of them are multicellular and some are unicellular e.g. yeast. They are non motile and lack true leaves, roots and stems. Fungi needwarm, moist places to grow. They are found mainly in moist foods, damp tree barks, and wet bathroom tiles etc. Fungi are heterotrophs that feed by absorption. They absorb small organic molecules from the surrounding medium. The enzymes and hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the fungus break down food outside its body into simpler compounds that the fungus can absorb and use. The absorptive mode of nutrition is associated with the ecological roles of fungi as decomposers, parasites, and mutualistic symbionts. Saprobic fungi absorb nutrients from nonliving organisms. Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from the cells of living hosts. The fungal cells contain membrane-bound nuclei with chromosomes that contain DNA with noncoding regions called introns and coding regions called exons. They also possess membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, sterol -containing membranes, and ribosomes of the 80S type. They have soluble carbohydrates and storage compounds, including sugar alcohols, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Fungi lack chloroplasts and are heterotrophic organisms, requiring preformed organic compounds as energy sources. Fungi possess a cell wall and vacuoles. They reproduce by both sexual and asexual means and produce spores. They have haploid nuclei. The cells of most fungi grow as tubular, elongated, and thread-like structures are called hyphae which may contain multiple nuclei. Some species grow as single-celled yeasts that reproduce by budding or binary fission. The fungal cell wall is composed of glucans and chitin. Most fungi grow as hyphae which are cylindrical, thread-like structures 2–10 µm in diameter and up to several centimeters in length. Hyphae grow at their tips; new hyphae are typically formed by a process called branching, or growing hyphal tips bifurcate giving rise to two parallel-growing hyphae. Hyphae can be either septate or coenocytic: septate hyphae are divided into compartments separated by cross walls, with each compartment containing one or more nuclei; coenocytic hyphae are not compartmentalized. Fungal reproduction is complex. They reproduced by both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction via vegetative spores (conidia) or through mycelial fragmentation. Sexual reproduction involves joining of hyphae is called conjugation, two mating strains with differentnuclei form continuous membrane is known as plasmogamy and sometimes thenuclei are fused is called karyogamy.