Overview of Ecology: as discussed Ecology has relation to Other Sciences and there are many; Subdivisions of Ecology; General Ecological Considerations include Ecosystems and their Functioning; the Biosphere; factors Influencing Population Growth; Diversity versus Simplicity; Ecological Balances and Survival Thresholds, Preservation of Environmental Quality etc. Some of the subdivisions of ecology are given below:

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY : this refers to dominance of Species in a Community; Hydro sphere; Plant ; Animal ; Bogs; Plant Bog ; Animal Life etc are included in this.

ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY: this refers to Ecosystem Components; Productivity Concept; Eco modelling; Ecological Energies etc.
GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY: this includes Dispersal Dynamics; Migration; Pale ecology and The Emergence of Man.

OCEANOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT AND MARINE ECOLOGY: as the name suggests this refers to Habitat; Tides; Substratum; Pressure; Temperature and Currents; Light; Salinity; Oxygen; Oceanic conditions; Composition and Characteristics; Food Chains; Productivity; Dominance and Succession. Succession to Land; Succession to Fresh Water; Applied Ecology; Oil Pollution etc.

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY: this refers to Characteristics of Competition; Competitive Exclusion Principle and Species Diversity.

POLITICAL ECOLOGY: this subject discusses Understanding; Contextual Sources of Environmental Change; Conflict Over Access; Political Ramifications of Environmental Change and related matters. Some ecosystems of the world are:

Ecology is an area that brings together issues of natural sciences in society and questions of ethics and values. For example the Chipko movement and the Sardar Sarovar dam project are examples of how all these issues are interrelated. Therefore, the role of ecology is that is serves as a platform for both the pure and the applied sciences as well as social sciences and humanities. It is important to understand how these environmental issues are not only a concern of social researchers but engineers as well for example problem such as the global warming issue, shortage of energy, the green house gases, acid rain and water pollution concern all of us. Environmental crisis, as well as technological setbacks makes us realise that we cannot consider ourselves outside or superior to the environment in which we exist but we have to strike a balance so that we can peacefully coexist.

CP Snow in 1959 wrote a book named "The two cultures and the Scientific Revolution" in which he addressed the issue of "two cultures" the science and the literary. The same discrepancy can be seen as a charm between the engineers and the social scientists. The reason for such could be attributed to the lack of communication and extreme specialization gaining ground in both the disciplines. He felt that the only way out of this situation was "to rethink our educator. An Indian ecologist agrees with this view and states the reason for this discrepancy between sciences and the humanities is because the students lack the elementary understanding of basic natural processes as they are required to choose arts or science in early high school itself and thus losing out the opportunity to gain a better understanding of other fields.

When we look at today's world, and the environmental/ecological crisis facing us, this issue needs to be resolved as early as possible. Problems such as the depletion of planetary resources, the pollution of the atmosphere and the oceans and the poisoning of the food supply need to be addressed especially in a third world country like India where about forty percent of the people still live below the poverty line. The development of both agriculture and industry is equally dependent on the exploitation and management of ecological resources.
This is where the social scientist may be able to enter the world of the scientist or the technologist and engage in discussion that can be beneficial for both. Engineers are also the principal carriers of the "myth of growth". That believes in the fundamental idea that a better material world awaits us and that betterment of life circumstances is within the reach of everyone. Associated with this is the need of scientific rationality, the belief that proper application of science and technology is capable of solving all of man's problems. The scope of infinite improvement exists and if along the way there are some unintended consequences which are uncalled for, then technology has the ability to take care of them. In this context philosophy that "prevention is better than cure" need to be emphasized in the analysis of ecological outcomes.

One of the important concepts in understanding ecology is the force of "ecological succession". Ecological succession suggests that over a period of time because of interactions there may be certain changes in the ecosystem. Therefore the concept of ecological succession is also called the "climax community" representing a stable end product of the successful sequence. However, when the system appears stable, we could say that ecological succession has stopped. No matter how inherently stable and persistent is the external force, we cannot stop the succession process. Also, over a long period of time, the climate conditions and other fundamental aspects of an ecosystem change. Even though these time scale changes may not be observable in our ecological time but their fundamental existence and historical reality is undisputable. No ecosystem that has existed will exist unchanged over a period of time scale. Hence, if we are integrating knowledge management, training exercises, changing impacts of environments and the attitudes of people there is a possibility of bringing about a well designed ecological succession process over a period of time.