Next
Figure 2.1  Various symbols for MOS transistors
This chapter first discusses about the  basic electrical and physical properties of  the Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)  transistors. The structure and operation of the nMOS and pMOS transistors are addressed, following which the concepts of threshold voltage and body effect are explained. The current-voltage equation of a MOS device for different regions of operation is next established.
Chapter 2   : Operating Principles of MOS Transistors
2.1 Introduction

Chapter 1 introduced the MOS transistor as a switch. The present chapter first develops the fundamental physical characteristics of the MOS transistor, in which the electrical  currents and voltages are the most important quantities. The link between physical design and logic networks can be established. Figure 2.1 depicts various symbols used for the MOS transistors. The symbol shown in Figure 2.1(a) is used to indicate only switch logic, while that in Figure 2.1(b) shows the substrate connection.