Commutative Law..........................................(1.3)

Associative Law.............................................(1.4)

Distributive Law ............................................(1.5)

The position vector

of a point P is the directed distance from the origin (O) to P, i.e.,

Fig 1.3: Distance Vector

If = OP and = OQ are the position vectors of the points P and Q then the distance vector

Mathematical Fundamentals

Scaling of a vector is defined as

, where

is scaled version of vector

and

is a scalar.
Some important laws of vector algebra are: