| 1) |
What do you understand by the constitutional supercooling? Explain by taking a suitable example.
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| 2) |
What are the necessary conditions for plane front solidification and dendritic solidification? Discuss with the help of a binary phase diagram by drawing concentration vs distance profile
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| 3) |
What technological modifications would be required to convert a conventional slab caster of cross section 2000mm x 250mm to a high speed slab caster casting at 4m/minute. The tundish capacity may be chosen to 70 tons. Other dimensions, if required may be chosen.
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| 4) |
Discuss the possibility of obtaining different microstructures when a plain carbon eutectoid steel is cooled from the austenitic region just above the eutectoid temperature
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| 5) |
What does the bainite microstructure consist of? What is the microstructural difference between the upper and lower bainite.
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| 6) |
Design a physical model of an industrial gas stirred ladle with an elliptical shape. Internal diameter of the ladle is 2.282m maximum and 2.082m minimum. Molten steel height is 2.46m and volume is  . Gas is injected at  through the porous plug fitted at the bottom of the ladle. The scale of the physical model should be  . Bath temperature is  .
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| 7) |
Design a physical model of a single strand slab caster tundish. The base length of the tundish is 3450mm, width 1100mm and height 1320mm. Tundish is rectangular shaped with slopping walls. Submerged ladle shroud diameter is 78mm. Volumetric flow rate of steel in the tundish is  . Scale of physical model  .
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| 8) |
8) Let us design a 0.5- scale physical model to simulate the fluid flow behaviour for tapping of steel in the ladle. Molten steel is plunged from a height of 4m. Molten steel enters at velocity 15m/s velocity. The volume flow rate is  . The time required to fill the ladle of volume  is approximately 8 minutes. Viscosity of steel  and density is  |
