Suppose for a system

E = 100 MV/cm  
μ = 10^–29 cm (large enough dipole moment for a strongly polarized molecule, e.g. HCl, and
T = 300 K.

Using the above equation, we can calculate β = 0.24 which validates our analysis.

However, at T = 30 K, β = 2.4 and this may raise doubts about our analysis.

But, at this temperature it is likely to have liquid into solid state and what we see now is only the effect of ionic polarization and no longer at orientation polarization!

Similar analysis is applied to the study of magnetic dipoles (a misnomer) in response to a magnetic field.

Unlike our assumption in the beginning, if there is a dipole-dipole strong interaction, such as in most solids, the dipoles are not free to orient themselves and mostly the contribution in such cases arises from ionic polarization. There are, however, some solids like ferroelectrics where dipoles do interact and can rotate to some extent giving rise to extraordinary effects as we will study later.