Power Transmission By A Pipeline
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In certain occasions, hydraulic power is transmitted by conveying fluid through a pipeline. For example, water from a reservoir at a high altitude is often conveyed by a pipeline to an impulse hydraulic turbine in an hydroelectric power station. The hydrostatic head of water is thus transmitted by a pipeline. Let us analyse the efficiency of power transmission under this situation.
Fig. 37.3 Transmission of hydraulic power by a pipeline to a turbine
The potential head of water in the reservoir = H ( the difference in the water level in the reservoir and the turbine center)
The head available at the pipe exit (or at the turbine entry) ![](images/Lecture%2037_addn/image028.gif)
Where
is the loss of head in the pipeline due to friction.
- Assuming that the friction coefficient and other loss coefficients are constant, we can write
Where Q is the volume flow rate and R is the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline. Therefore, the power available P at the exit of the pipeline becomes
For P to be maximum, for a given head H, dP/dQ should be zero. This gives
![](images/Lecture%2037_addn/image036.gif)
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(37.6) |
or, ![](images/Lecture%2037_addn/image038.gif) |
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is always negative which shows that P has only a maximum value (not a minimum) with Q.
- From Eq. (37.6), we can say that maximum power is obtained when one third of the head available at the source (reservoir) is lost due to friction in the flow.
- The efficiency of power transmission
is defined as
![](images/Lecture%2037_addn/image040.gif) |
(37.7) |
- The efficiency
equals to unity for the trivial case of Q = 0.
- For flow to commence and hence
is a monotonically decreasing function of Q from a maximum value of unity to zero.
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The zero value of
![](images/Lecture%2037_addn/image042.gif)
corresponds to the situation given by
![](images/Lecture%2037_addn/image049.gif)
when the head
H available at the reservoir is totally lost to overcome friction in the flow through the pipe.
- The efficiency of transmission at the condition of maximum power delivered is obtained by substituting RQ2 from Eq. (37.6) in Eq. (37.7) as
Therefore the maximum power transmission efficiency through a pipeline is 67%.