2. Obtain the conditions of under, over and critical damping when the limbs of a U-tube manometer have an area ratio . Discuss the limiting To linearize the governing equation assume small disturbances.
3.
A venturi flowmeter measures flow rate of air as
where and are upstream and downstream pressure and is throat area. It is required to determine by calibration to within . Given
. Discuss the limiting 
To linearize the governing equation assume small disturbances. 
of air as 
and 
are upstream and downstream pressure and 
is throat area. It is required to determine 
by calibration to within 
. Given 
