Here is the seeding particle diameter, is the F-number of the imaging lens and is the laser wavelength. For the present experiments, image magnification is the pulse interval represent the pixel size particle diameter yielding a dynamic velocity range of 30. The dynamic spatial range (DSR) is defined as the ratio of the maximum resolvable scale to the minimum resolvable scale, i.e.

where the CCD pixel array dimension mm and

Figure 3.32: Processing of PIV images