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European Standards
The European regulations for new production heavy-duty diesel engines since Euro 1 stage are given in Tables 4.5 and 4.6. These standards apply to both heavy-duty highway vehicles as well as to urban buses. The test cycle was changed with the implementation of Euro 3 standards in the year 2000. To meet the Euro 4 standards and beyond, diesel engines need some form of aftertreatment devices such as oxidation catalysts, particulate filters, de-NOx catalysts etc. From Euro 3 regulations, heavy-duty engines operating on gaseous fuels are tested also on ETC in addition to ESC cycle. However, for compliance with Euro 4 or later standards, all heavy-duty engines are to meet ESC, ELR and ETC test limits. Evolution of European emission regulations for heavy duty vehicles is shown on Fig. 4.9.
Table 4.5 |
European Heavy Duty Diesel (CI) Engine Emission Standards – g/kWh (smoke in m -1 ) [2-4] |
| |
Date & Category |
Test cycle |
CO |
HC |
NOx |
PM |
Smoke |
| Euro1 |
1992 <85 kW |
ECE R-49 |
4.5 |
1.1 |
8.0 |
0.61 |
|
| |
1992 >85 kW |
|
4.5 |
1.1 |
8.0 |
0.36 |
|
| Euro 2 |
Oct. 1996 |
|
4.0 |
1.1 |
7.0 |
0.25 |
|
| |
Oct. 1998 |
|
4.0 |
1.1 |
7.0 |
0.15 |
|
| Euro 3 |
Oct. 2000 |
ESC & ELR |
2.1 |
0.66 |
5.0 |
0.10 |
0.8 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
0.13* |
|
| Euro 4 |
Oct 2005 |
ESC& ELR |
1.5 |
0.46 |
3.5 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
| Euro 5 |
Oct. 2008 |
|
1.5 |
0.46 |
2.0 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
| Euro 6 |
Jan. 2013 |
ESC |
1.5 |
0.13 |
0.4 |
0.01 |
- |
*For engines of less than 0.75 litre /cylinder swept volume and rated speed of more than 3000 rpm.
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