Type of material used and its thickness

Slightly thicker materials can be gripped better during the deep drawing process. Also, thicker sheets have more volume and hence can be stretched to a greater extent. However, the drawing force will increase with the sheet thickness. The percentage elongation property or ductility of the material is an essential quality for materials to be used for deep drawing.

Tool surface finish and use of Lubricant

Die surface finishes and lubricants are important to reduce the friction between the tool surfaces and metal being drawn, thus allowing materials to flow through tools more easily. Die temperatures can affect the viscosity of the lubricants. Slower deep drawing speed allows better metal flow.

Blank size and shape

Blank that are too large can restrict metal flow. The geometry of parts can also affect the ability of metal to flow during deep drawing process.

Blank Holding Force

Control of the blank holding force (BHF) enables control of friction on the flange during deep drawing process and significantly influences the quality of drawn part. Greater blank holding force may lead to tearing of the flange while inadequate blank holding force may lead to wrinkling of the flanges.

Punching speed

Sufficient punching speed allows time for materials to flow through the tool. Corner cracking will always occur if press speed is tool fast in deep drawing process.

Draw radius

Radius on the draw die where the material flows through should be optimum. Too big a die or punch radius can result in wrinkling where as too small a die radius would create cracking at the bottom radius of drawn part.

Draw Bead Height and Shape

This should be selected properly to control metal flow and gripping pressure in deep drawing process. Draw bead height and shape can cause materials to bend and unbend to create restrictive forces going into a tool. Increasing pressure will exerts more force on a material, creating more restraint on material going into the tool.