Proof:

Let $ x$ and $ y$ be arbitrary points of $ X$ and let $ G$ be the set of all points of $ X$ that can be joined to $ x$ by a path. Clearly $ G$ is non-empty since it contains the point $ x$. If we show that $ G$ is open and closed then by connectedness of $ X$ it would follow that $ G$ would equal the whole space $ X$. In particular $ G$ contains $ y$ thereby proving that there is a path in $ X$ joining $ x$ and $ y$. First we show that $ G$ is open. Well, let $ z$ be an arbitrary point of $ G$ and choose a path $ \gamma :[0, 1] \longrightarrow X$ such that $ \gamma(0) = x$ and $ \gamma(1) = z$. Choose a path connected neighborhood $ N$ of $ z$ and $ w \in N$ be arbitrary. Then there is a path $ \sigma$ lying in $ N$ joining $ z$ and $ w$. We now juxtapose $ \gamma$ and $ \sigma$ by defining $ \eta :[0, 1]\longrightarrow X$ as

$\displaystyle \eta(t) = \left\{\begin{array}{lll}
\gamma(2t), & & 0 \leq t \leq 1/2 \\
\sigma(2t - 1), & & 1/2 \leq t \leq 1 \\
\end{array} \right.
$

By virtue of the gluing lemma $ \eta$ is continuous and defines a path joining $ x$ and $ w$. Hence $ w$ belongs to $ G$ and so $ N \subset G$. We now show that $ G$ is closed as well. Let $ y \notin G$ and $ N$ be a path connected neighborhood of $ y$. Then we show that $ N\subset X-G$. Well, if not, pick $ z \in G\cap N$ and there is a path $ \gamma$ in $ G$ joining $ x$ and $ z$ and a path $ \sigma$ in $ N$ joining $ z$ and $ y$. Juxtaposing we would get a path in $ X$ joining $ x$ and $ y$ which would contradict the fact that $ y \notin G$. So $ X-G$ is also open in $ X$ and the proof is complete.
nisha 2012-03-20