Proofs:

Statement (iv) follows from (ii). Assertion (iii) is a general fact about transitive group actions. To prove that the group action is transitive, let $ {\tilde x}_1$ and $ {\tilde x}_2$ be two points in the fiber $ p^{-1}(x_0)$ and $ {\tilde\gamma}$ be a path in $ {\tilde X}$ joining $ {\tilde x}_1$ and $ {\tilde x}_2$. The image path $ \gamma = p\circ {\tilde \gamma}$ is then a loop in $ X$ based at $ x_0$ and so represents an element of $ \pi_1(X, x_0)$. Also $ {\tilde\gamma}$ being the lift of $ \gamma$ starting at $ {\tilde x}_1$, we see that

$\displaystyle {\tilde x}_1\cdot [\gamma] = {\tilde \gamma}(1) = {\tilde x}_2.
$

Turning now to the proof of (ii), let $ {\tilde x}_0\in p^{-1}(x_0)$ and $ \gamma$ be an arbitrary loop in $ X$ based at $ x_0$. Then $ [\gamma]$ belongs to the stabilizer of $ {\tilde x}_0$ if and only if its lift starting at $ {\tilde x}_0$ terminates at the same point $ {\tilde x}_0$. That is if and only if $ \gamma$ lifts as a loop based at $ {\tilde x}_0$. But this is equivalent to saying $ [{\tilde \gamma}] \in \pi_1({\tilde X}, {\tilde x}_0)$ and $ \gamma = p_*[{\tilde \gamma}]$. Conversely if $ [\gamma] \in \pi_1(X,x_0)$ is the image under $ p_*$ of $ [\tilde \gamma] \in \pi_1({\tilde X}, {\tilde x}_0)$ then $ {\tilde\gamma}$ is a loop homotopic to a lift of $ \gamma$ starting at $ {\tilde x}_0$. But any two such lifts have the same terminal point which means

$\displaystyle {\tilde x}_0\cdot[\gamma] = {\tilde \gamma}(1) = {\tilde x}_0.
$

That is to say $ [\gamma]$ belongs to the stabilizer of $ {\tilde x}_0$ and that completes the proof.
nisha 2012-03-20