Sociologists may be required to make predictions and also suggest remedies to deal with negative projections. As the above argument shows the future is fraught with irrational reactions of neo-social-groups-nationalities at different levels – from the Centre to the village panchayats. Social group divisions and free-floating religion in India constitute twin risks against humanity in the twenty-first century. There are two ways of dealing with the risks:

(a) to develop the potential of the beneficiaries of the new affirmative action to the fullest extent possible by providing all types of support; and

(b) to mitigate the factors converting neo-social-groups into nationalities. Raising reservation further to accommodate aspirations of all sections of society and effectively implementing the creamy layer concept would be a small step in this direction. Let there also be fifty percent reservation for women, and 5 percent for the disabled who are the most vulnerable sections of society. At the same time, it has to be understood that affirmative action is not a substitute for structural adjustments. It affects only the formal and organized sector which may continue to be a tiny sector from the perspective of employment.