Module 11: Indian Social Thoughts
  Lecture 34: Practical problems of India-I

The Eleventh Five Year Plan, therefore, defines governance in terms of the following six distinct dimensions:

  • constitutionally protected right to elect government at various levels in a fair manner, with effective participation of all;

  • accountability and transparency of government at all levels;

  • effectiveness and efficiency in delivering public services;

  • empowerment of government at lower levels, particularly at the level of panchayati raj institutions;

  • firm establishment of rule of law; and

  • fair and inclusive system

The above points show that the concept of governance too is ridden with the formation and consciousness of neo-social groups. The first point of the governance which defines governance in terms of “participation of all” is implemented as participation of all neo-social groups, not individuals. The third point about effectiveness and efficiency is about delivering public services with specific targets for different neo-social groups under different schemes (except MGNREGS). The sixth point on inclusion also defines inclusion at the level of neo-social groups.