Gandhi had a similar opinion of the educated class in India that he expressed in Hind Swaraj. This explains why after a long phase of colonization, when the colonial countries became independent the process of Westernization acquired a greater pace. It was supported by foreign trained experts/academicians, political leaders who played an important role during freedom struggle, international development organizations, and even community leaders at the lower levels. The same tendency continues. More than sixty years after independence Indian government depends on Nandan Nilekani (ex-Chairman of Infosys), Arun Maira (Chairman, Boston Consultancy Group) and Kaushik Basu (Cornell University). In India, best reflected in the First Five Year Plans of India, the goal was to build a strong urban, industrial society. There is no doubt that India has modernized to a great extent and its impact on various aspects of society is clearly visible. Yet it failed to meet people’s aspirations and solve the problem of poverty and inequality. This context gives rise to several dilemmas. The country had to choose between: industrialization and agricultural development; growth and distribution; meritocracy and the policy of protective discrimination; growth of science and technology and revival of indigenous knowledge systems; national population policy and focus on backward states (called Empowered Action Group states euphemistically); and catching up with the Western countries and meeting the demands of the subsistence economy.