In other words the question is: did the invaders played cruelty against Hindus because they believed in Islam or because they were basically invaders (all Muslims do not subscribe to the ideology of cruelty). The question can never be settled today. All invaders behave in the same way irrespective of religion. In Muslim rule in some instances the rulers even levied a tax on Hindus for their security. We cannot exactly recreate what were the circumstances in which this was done but all this presents a bad image of Islam. There is another image (you may call it a good image) according to which Islam believes in equality, fraternity, direct relationship with God without the intermediacy of priesthood and is free from evils like the caste system. No wonder, several accomplished artists, scholars and warriors got attracted towards these aspects of Islam and got converted from Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism. Studies have shown that in India Muslims represent many good and bad features of native culture. They too are divided into castes and caste groups. They also practice endogamy. The reason may be that 70 per cent or more of Muslims in India are converts. Conversion was more often than not a group activity, and even after conversion peoples retained several features of their native culture.