It is difficult to make an exact assessment of the influence of Derrida on translation as such. We can only say that post-structuralist theories on the whole have definitely altered the perspectives on language and meaning, which in turn have influenced translation theories also. It goes against traditional theories of translation that believe in the authority of the source text and equivalence. Gentzler points out that such a theory of translation is subversive, using James Joyce's translation of his own Finnegans Wake as an example. Joyce's notoriously difficult work is multi-lingual, but Joyce resorted to just one language when he translated it into Italian. Here he experimented with various dialects in the same language, underlining the ‘disorder' that exists beneath the surface within a language. Derrida also was essentially pointing to the same factor. When Derrida says that all languages are basically translations, he is challenging the accepted notion of stable language and fixed meanings. This is a liberation of sorts for translators who are limited by the harsh demands of equivalence and adequacy in translation.