Module 4: Technology and Social Spaces
  Lecture 24: Material Culture : The Chimmey, Street lighting and Urban Space
 


The paper looks at the street lighting experiences of three industrialized countries:

Sheffield (England): publicly owned electric company and privately owned gas company

Bochum (Germany): publicly owned
Minneapolis (USA): privately owned

  • Sheffield was known for cutlery manufacturing. In the history of the city,the population drifted in two directions from the CBD—working class suburbs in the southern and western fringes and the wealthy suburbs in the hills on the west. In this city initially the streetlights had the ‘police’ function. It was first demanded in areas where contact between the classes took place. It was not installed in those areas where the upper classes never went.

 
  • Gradually the concept of luxury lighting emerged and gas lighting faced competition from electricity. When electricity came, the city council wanted to be the provider. City owned electrical services began in 1898 and the equity principle of “lights everywhere” was followed.