According to Park economic competition was a special case of the struggle for survival (Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species 1859). Park considered the city as a social organism with distinct parts bound together by internal processes. Urban life was not chaos and disorder but rather tended toward an ‘orderly and typical grouping of its population and institutions’. Urban life according to Park was organized at two distinct levels—Biotic and cultural. The biotic or symbiotic society is based on competition and cultural society is based on communication and consensus. Park argues that these two are dependent on one another. In actuality, it is a complex relationship. The competition at the biotic level is more restricted in society due to the existence of conventions, mores, law.¹