McDonald argues:

The solution to low fertility lies neither in the moral Right's call for a rolling back of social liberalism nor in the old Left's agenda of rolling back economic deregulation. Both waves of change have achieved many of the desirable outcomes for which they were intended. Most people prefer to live in a society that offers social freedoms and personal choices. Most prefer to work in an environment that rewards enterprise and endeavour. But most people prefer to have long-lasting intimate relationships and to have children. The solution, therefore, lies in a third wave of social change, new and substantial priority to the support of family life–especially the bearing and rearing of children. New perspectives on the family are required that recognize the vital social and personal significance of family life and the understanding that family life will be played out amid the social liberalism and new capitalism that are integral to twenty-first-century economies and societies.

To follow McDonald, the population policy in the developed, postmodern, societies, effectiveness would not be effective unless family life is supported. The question is how to do this. Another issue is what its repercussions will be for the very institutions and values that have produced the weakening of family – the freedom and individual choices.