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Pavlovian Conditioning	Brain Areas Involved
For conditioned stimulus (CS) to gain access to the current value of the unconditioned stimulus (US)		Basolateral amygdala (BLA)
Some forms of stimulus-response conditioning		Central nucleus of the amygdale [through brainstem arousal and response]
Mediating the impact of CS on CR		Nucleus accumbens
Detecting action-outcome contingency		Prelimbic cortex
Memorizing sensory properties of food [retrieval of specific value]		Insular cortex
Value of reinforcer controlling instrumental choice behaviour		Orbitofrontal cortex
Allowing response to emotionally significant stimuli and preventing response to inappropriate stimuli		Anterior cingulate cortex

It might be interesting for you to know that the traditional laboratory experiments on animals to empirically explore and validate S-R conditioning have been replaced by computer simulations following conditioning paradigms. Such studies have come forward with a real-time attentional model of hippocampal function (Schmajuk & Moore, 1985).

Spatial Learning

Spatial learning refers to the ability to attain a map-like depiction of the surroundings that combines features of the stimulus that are specific to certain locations. This mental map has place representations that are connected on the basis of some rules representing distance and direction among these places. Area CA3 of the hippocampus has the auto-associative binding properties. You must have come across many types of pattern completion task. The figure given below is a representative sample from a popular non-verbal test of intelligence, Raven's Progressive Matrices.