Module 4:Hormone-Behaviour Relationship
  Lecture 17:Endocrine glands and the nature of their secretions
 

Human body has endocrine as well as exocrine glands. The endocrine glands are ductless glands and hence release their secretion directly into the blood stream. These secretions are called hormones. The nervous and endocrine systems work in coordination and their interplay heavily influences ones behaviour. The animation given below illustrates the location of various endocrine glands in our body.


The chemically sensitive body and the electrochemical nature of impulse transmission make hormones extremely important. Hormones have bidirectional influence; they increase or decrease certain behaviours. Hence, it is important for the students of psychology to understand the hormone-behaviour relationship. Endocrine glands, neurotransmitters and immune system are interconnected and change in one influences the other. The table given below summarizes different hormones secreted by various endocrine glands.

Endocrine Glands

Hormones Secreted

Hypothalamus

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Dopamine

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Somatostatin

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Oxytocin

Vasopressin

Pituitary Gland

 

Anterior pituitary

Growth hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Prolactin

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

Posterior pituitary

Oxytocin

Anti-diuretic hormone/ Vasopressin

Intermediate pituitary

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Pineal gland

Melatonin

Thyroid

Thyroxine (T4)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Pancreas

Glucagon

Insulin

Gonads

Estrogen

Progesterone

Testosterone

The secretions of these endocrine glands affect our bodily processes. Endocrinology literature largely talks about these physiological effects. Besides describing these physiological mechanisms and their regulation the present unit will also elaborate the psychological impact of the respective hormones.