Lecture 17:Endocrine glands and the nature of their secretions
Human body has endocrine as well as exocrine glands. The endocrine glands are ductless glands and hence release their secretion directly into the blood stream. These secretions are called hormones. The nervous and endocrine systems work in coordination and their interplay heavily influences ones behaviour. The animation given below illustrates the location of various endocrine glands in our body.
The chemically sensitive body and the electrochemical nature of impulse transmission make hormones extremely important. Hormones have bidirectional influence; they increase or decrease certain behaviours. Hence, it is important for the students of psychology to understand the hormone-behaviour relationship. Endocrine glands, neurotransmitters and immune system are interconnected and change in one influences the other. The table given below summarizes different hormones secreted by various endocrine glands.
Endocrine Glands
Hormones Secreted
Hypothalamus
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Dopamine
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
Somatostatin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Pituitary Gland
Anterior pituitary
Growth hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone
Posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
Anti-diuretic hormone/ Vasopressin
Intermediate pituitary
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Pineal gland
Melatonin
Thyroid
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Pancreas
Glucagon
Insulin
Gonads
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
The secretions of these endocrine glands affect our bodily processes. Endocrinology literature largely talks about these physiological effects. Besides describing these physiological mechanisms and their regulation the present unit will also elaborate the psychological impact of the respective hormones.