Module 5 : S. Radhakrishnan

Section 5 : The Spirit in Man

 

Radhakrishnan is not in agreement with that of the psychoanalytic mechanisms of defense reaction, Substitution and Sublimation. They will sublimate love into spiritual devotion. These mechanisms may help to repress the human instinct in the background corridors of consciousness. When they get frustrated they turn to be neurotic and unbalance our personalities. It is not the balance of the mind Radhakrishnan strongly feels that. He feels that the methods of Yoga try to change the very personality of our individual selves. He says that a totally new and unlearned integration of the self is achieved. We have to get rid of our individual passions. These passions form the bondages of the self. The Hindu religious Yoga enables us to achieve this in this respect. We have to discriminate between the instinct and intuition. The scope of instinct as unconscious is a limited one. The instinct keeps us at a lower level. It is a loss for we are distanciated from a greater thing, the wholeness. To recover that wholeness those lost units which have lost their contact with the whole we shall be reborn. This becomes the secret of spiritual life. And this is the mystery of the kingdom of god. Radhakrishnan says:

Spiritual life is not inertia or indifference but is light and freedom, peace and power; spiritual realization is not hysterical trance or drug intoxication, for the life of the seer takes on a new depth, a marked increase in coherence and character. There is a general enrichment of personality. It is more life and not less55.

He criticizes even the irrational dogmas of the religions. He asks us to be rational and critical of these practices. Thus Radhakrishnan tries to prove the very existence of a spirit in man, in every man which can be brought to light with our religious experiences. He writes:

The value of the ontological as well as the moral proof lies in this fact that our deepest convictions give us trustworthy knowledge of ultimate reality perhaps the only knowledge possible.
The validity of divine existence is not founded on anything external or accidental but is felt by the spirit in us56.

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56 Page 173-174