When Gandhi appeared in the scene of our national life our country was under colonial rule and sick in many aspects of its social life. He found many ills and evils causing great suffering to the people. Observing human sorrow, suffering or predicament, Gandhi, a visionary, thought of an alternative system. He envisaged that the alternative system would be free from all man-perpetuated evils. His sense of concern for the suffering mankind motivated him to find out an alternative social order which would ameliorate human condition.
Gandhi was very critical of capitalism, communism and industrial civilization of his time. His initial reactions against these ideals were expressed in his book “Hindu Swaraj”. He attacked capitalism which had given rise to colonialism resulting in poverty, exploitation, inequality etc. He criticized communism as it gave rise to violence, concentration of political power, lack of freedom, alienation etc. he was critical of industrial civilization world over for his idea was that it promoted exploitation, inequality, arms race, environmental pollution, ecological imbalance etc. He was also not in favour of modern technology as it gives rise to unemployment, pollution, exploitation etc.
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