Itten's 12-pointed star expands the colour wheel to include variations in lightness. He was one of the first colour theorists to include not only hue but saturation and values. Black, gray and white may be regarded as colours without any brightness (fig. 131)

Fig. 132: twelve point colour star

Itten's second colour chart was the wheel. It began in the center with the three pigment primaries – red, yellow and blue. The secondaries were connected to the colours from which they were derived. Tertiaries were then distributed uniformly around to form the wheel. In figure 133 Itten's colour wheel showing primary, secondary and tertiary colours.

Fig. 133: colour wheel.