Conflicts

. The general shift-reduce technique is:

- if there is no handle on the stack then shift

- If there is a handle then reduce

. However, what happens when there is a choice

- What action to take in case both shift and reduce are valid?

shift-reduce conflict

- Which rule to use for reduction if reduction is possible by more than one rule?

reduce-reduce conflict

. Conflicts come either because of ambiguous grammars or parsing method is not powerful enough