Security Mechanism: Confidentiality

• Use of symmetric cipher.
• Encryption and decryption operations are needed.
• A Shared key is needed
  • Can be sent using PKI or any other reliable channel.

Security Mechanism: Integrity

• Map the message to smaller number of bits
  • Using one-way functions.
    • Message digest functions (such as MD5, SHA etc.)
    • Can be cryptographic functions as well.
• Send the mapped information on an alternate channel.
  • Confidentiality may be used.
• Or, send it along with the message
  • Confidentiality is a must.
• Integrity keys are different than the confidentiality keys.
  • Symmetric ciphers are used.