The microprocessors that are available today came with a wide variety of capabilities and architectural features. All of them, regardless of their diversity, are provided with at least the following functional components, which form the central processing unit (CPU) of a classical computer.
- Register Section : A set of registers for temporary storage of instructions, data and address of data .
- Arithmetic and Logic Unit : Hardware for performing primitive arithmetic and logical operations .
- Interface Section : Input and output lines through which the microprocessor communicates with the outside world .
- Timing and Control Section : Hardware for coordinating and controlling the activities of the various sections within the microprocessor and other devices connected to the interface section .
The block diagram of the microprocessor along with the memory and Input/Output (I/O) devices is shown in the Figure 11.1.