Figure 10.11: A Single Ring

The main advantage of the arrangement is that the ring is easy to implement. Links in the ring can be wide, because each node is connected to only two neighbors. It is not useful to construct a very long ring to connect many nodes because the latency of information transfer would be unacceptably large

The simple possibility of using ring in a tree structure; this results in a hierarchy of rings. A hierarchy of rings is shown in the Figure 10.12.

Having short rings reduces substantially the latency of transfers that involve nodes on the same ring.

The latency of transfers between two nodes on different rings is shorter than if a single ring were used.