Address Translation proceeds as follows:

• Given a virtual address, the MMU looks in the TLB for the reference page.


• If the page table entry for this page is found in the TLB, the physical address is obtained immediately.


• If there is a miss in the TLB, then the required entry is obtained from the page table in the main memory and the TLB is updated.


• When a program generates an access request to a page that is not in the main memory, a page fault is said to have occurred.


• The whole page must be brought from the disk into the memory before access can proceed.


• When it detects a page fault, the MMU asks the operating system to intervene by raising an exception.(interrupt).


• Processing of active task is interrupted, and control is transferred to the operating system.


• The operating system then copies the requested page from the disk into the main memory and returns control to the interrupted task. Because a long delay occurs due to a page transfer takes place, the operating system may suspend execution of the task that caused the page fault and begin execution of another task whose page are in the main memory.