Consecutive coordinates of a station is designated by its departure and latitude from its previous station as origin. Departure of a traverse side is defined as its component perpendicular to the reference meridian and the component of the traverse side along or parallel to the reference meridian is known as latitude. Thus, if l and q are the length and azimuth of a traverse side, then departure and latitude of the side are given by l sin q and l cosine q respectively. The algebraic sign of the departure and latitude of a traverse side depends on its azimuth value thus on the sign of the trigonometric parameters associated with these. In Figure 29.1, the sides AB has length and bearing as 442.56m and 34° 52' respectively. Thus, its departure and latitude are 253.0m (442.56m sine 34° 52') and 363.11m (442.56 cosine 34° 52') respectively. Similarly, the departure and latitude of the sides BC (478.23m, 112°) is 441.93m and 182.75m respectively.

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