Module 4 Measurement of Vertical Distance

Elevation of objects/points (on the surface of the earth) is an important parameter measured during surveying. The measurement consists of determination of the vertical height of the object/point above a reference surface. During surveying this is usually carried out by an operation termed as leveling.

Objective of Module 4

The objective of Module 4 is to discuss the instrument, their operation, different methods, measurements, calculations involved in leveling.

Lesson 11 Instruments - Levels

Lesson 12 Permanent Adjustment of level

Lesson 13 Leveling Principle, Methods and Differential leveling

Lesson 14 Profile leveling

Lesson 15 Reciprocal and Trigonometric leveling

Lesson 16 Errors, Mistakes and Precautions in leveling

Summary of Module 4

Glossary of Module 4

SELF TEST of Module 4

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